{"id":230040,"date":"2023-11-21T11:30:08","date_gmt":"2023-11-21T11:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/futuro-idrogeno-globale\/"},"modified":"2023-11-21T11:50:12","modified_gmt":"2023-11-21T11:50:12","slug":"future-global-hydrogen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/future-global-hydrogen\/","title":{"rendered":"The future of global hydrogen"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"entry-title\"><span class=\"font-377884\">The future of global hydrogen<\/span><\/h1>\n<h3><span class=\"font-377884\"><em>Green hydrogen projects, while promising, still grapple with technological and geopolitical uncertainties, as well as financial constraints and environmental concerns.<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"toc-only\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"font-377884\" style=\"color: #ff0000;\">In a nutshell<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Green hydrogen has the potential to play a major role in the green transition<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Technical, environmental or regulatory challenges could derail new projects<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Global players like the EU, China and the U.S. differ in their development strategies<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_229893\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-229893\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"Energy Perspective Fuel Background Image by a href=httpsit.freepik.comvettori-gratuitocomposizione-di-sfondo-del-fumetto-di-generazione-di-energia-di-idrogeno-verde-con-testo-e-fonti-di-alimentazione-alternative-vista-orizzontale-illustrazione-vettoriale_33208969.htm#query=idrogeno&amp;position=18&amp;from_view=keyword&amp;track=sphImmagine di macrovectora su Freepik\" href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hydrogen-energy-perspective-scaled.jpg\" rel=\"Energy Perspective Fuel Background Image by a href=httpsit.freepik.comvettori-gratuitocomposizione-di-sfondo-del-fumetto-di-generazione-di-energia-di-idrogeno-verde-con-testo-e-fonti-di-alimentazione-alternative-vista-orizzontale-illustrazione-vettoriale_33208969.htm#query=idrogeno&amp;position=18&amp;from_view=keyword&amp;track=sphImmagine di macrovectora su Freepik\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-229893 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hydrogen-energy-perspective-1024x512.jpg\" alt=\"Energy Perspective Fuel Background Image by Macrovector a href=httpsit.freepik.comvettori-gratuitocomposizione-di-sfondo-del-fumetto-di-generazione-di-energia-di-idrogeno-verde-con-testo-e-fonti-di-alimentazione-alternative-vista-orizzontale-illustrazione-vettoriale_33208969.htm#query=idrogeno&amp;position=18&amp;from_view=keyword&amp;track=sphImmagine di macrovectora su Freepik\" width=\"840\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hydrogen-energy-perspective-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hydrogen-energy-perspective-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hydrogen-energy-perspective-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hydrogen-energy-perspective-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hydrogen-energy-perspective-2048x1024.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hydrogen-energy-perspective-350x175.jpg 350w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hydrogen-energy-perspective-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-229893\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Energy Perspective Fuel Background Image by Macrovector <a href=\"https:\/\/it.freepik.com\/vettori-gratuito\/composizione-di-sfondo-del-fumetto-di-generazione-di-energia-di-idrogeno-verde-con-testo-e-fonti-di-alimentazione-alternative-vista-orizzontale-illustrazione-vettoriale_33208969.htm#query=idrogeno&amp;position=18&amp;from_view=keyword&amp;track=sph&quot;&gt;Immagine di macrovector&lt;\/a&gt; su Freepik\">https:\/\/it.freepik.com\/vettori-gratuito\/composizione-di-sfondo-del-fumetto-di-generazione-di-energia-di-idrogeno-verde-con-testo-e-fonti-di-alimentazione-alternative-vista-orizzontale-illustrazione-vettoriale_33208969.htm#query=idrogeno&amp;position=18&amp;from_view=keyword&amp;track=sph&#8221;&gt;Immagine di macrovector&lt;\/a&gt; su Freepik<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Clean hydrogen has the potential to help reduce carbon emissions, especially in sectors that are difficult to decarbonize, such as heavy manufacturing and energy-intensive industries like steel or chemicals. It is also emerging as a key solution for electricity storage, addressing the intermittency issues of wind and solar energy. Currently, however, its primary use is in traditional refining and industrial applications. It is mostly produced using fossil fuels, offering no real and sustainable climate benefits.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-hydrogen-s-potential-as-a-clean-energy-source\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Hydrogen\u2019s potential as a clean energy source<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">In 2021, the global demand for hydrogen stood at 94 million tons, representing about 2.5 percent of the world\u2019s energy consumption. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicted in 2022 that this demand would grow to just 115 million tons by 2030, with fewer than 2 million tons from new applications. However, by 2050, the global hydrogen market could surge, reaching between 600-650 million tons, potentially fulfilling over 20 percent of global energy needs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">By 2030, both the demand and production of hydrogen are set for moderate growth, potentially offsetting the consumption of 14 billion cubic meters of natural gas annually, 20 million tons of coal and 360,000 barrels of oil per day. Approximately 12 million tons of hydrogen might be exported every year. To achieve a projected clean hydrogen production of 30 million tons from today\u2019s figure of less than 1 million tons, an investment of $170 billion in electrolyzers and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) projects is required.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Back in 2020, this writer highlighted the risks of viewing hydrogen as an immediate panacea because of the current inefficiency of electrolysis and the energy-intensive process of converting hydrogen into synthetic fuels. Producing hydrogen leads to a 45-60 percent energy loss in the supply chain process. Converting electricity to hydrogen results in a 25 percent energy loss, and the energy in hydrogen is roughly 60 percent less efficient compared to liquefied natural gas due to its lower energy density.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/synhelion-university-florida-solar-hydrogen\/\">Synhelion and University of Florida get funding for solar hydrogen<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">National and regional hydrogen strategies<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">By 2020, both Germany and the European Union recognized that their hydrogen strategies would require significant imports. In 2022, the EU doubled its 2030 production target for renewable hydrogen from 5 million tons to 10 million tons and also plans to import another 10 million tons by 2030. Importing this amount requires nearly 500 terawatt hours of renewable electricity, equivalent to 14 percent of the EU\u2019s entire electricity consumption.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Beyond Europe, nations like Japan and Australia, under their Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain (HESC) project, have shown preferences not only for green hydrogen \u2013 derived from renewables and electrolysis \u2013 but also for \u201cclean\u201d blue hydrogen that incorporates CCUS. The commercial viability and suitability of these projects, given higher shipping costs, however, remains unclear for the time being.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Can existing gas pipelines handle hydrogen?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">European gas industry research indicates that the current gas pipeline networks can largely be repurposed for hydrogen transport. Using these existing pipelines can cut down investment costs by 50-80 percent compared to building new ones. By 2040, Europe anticipates having around 39,700 km of extended hydrogen pipeline infrastructure, linking cost-effective production areas with export destinations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Furthermore, a consortium of gas enterprises from Germany, Austria and Italy is planning a 3,300-kilometer hydrogen pipeline connecting North Africa to Italy, Austria and Germany. Spain and France are looking at the H2Med project \u2013 an underwater pipeline spanning their nations, meant to transport hydrogen from Spain to France through the Mediterranean Sea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">A recent German study evaluated over 30 steels and found that their performance in transporting hydrogen under standard operational conditions in gas supply networks does not differ from that of natural gas. A blending ratio of 20 percent hydrogen could result in a 6 percent reduction in CO2 emissions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">However, a recent U.S. study, which delved into the blending of hydrogen with natural gas and considered various material, economic and operational factors, advises caution. It indicated potential pitfalls, noting that hydrogen can easily permeate solid metals, making pipeline steel more prone to cracking.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/patent-innovative-production-energy-electricity\/\">The hydroelectric turbine for rivers which will revolutionize energy production<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Challenges in transporting liquid hydrogen<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">When it comes to low-carbon fuel transportation, hydrogen can be transported as liquid hydrogen (LH2), ammonia (NH3) or as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) over different distances. McKinsey estimates that of the anticipated 660 million tons required by 2050 to achieve EU climate objectives, 400 million tons will necessitate long-distance transport. For routes exceeding 2,000-2,500 kilometers, maritime transportation emerges as the most cost-effective choice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">When compared to natural gas, liquid hydrogen is easier to store but presents more technological challenges, including the need to maintain a temperature of -253 degrees Celsius to prevent boil-off, a notably colder temperature compared to LNG\u2019s -162 degrees Celsius. Transportation over great distances can result in over 30 percent energy loss, and in some instances \u2013 for example on a 9,000-kilometer shipping route \u2013 up to 40 percent might be lost due to boil-off and fuel usage for propulsion, a figure that is almost nine times higher than that of LNG shipping.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Additional energy losses of about 5 percent occur during the delivery and regasification at hydrogen-import terminals. Countries like Japan, Australia and Saudi Arabia are betting heavily on ammonia as a more practical low-carbon fuel due to its milder cooling requirements (-33 degrees Celsius) and existing transport options. Japan is fostering a shift in Southeast Asian nations from coal to ammonia to cut carbon emissions without closing existing coal plants. However, the high costs involved in substantial ammonia co-firing rates restrict its current feasibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_229398\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-229398\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chemistry-Molecules-Hydrogen-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-1024x683.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-229398\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chemistry-Molecules-Hydrogen-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Chemistry Molecules Hydrogen Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay\" width=\"840\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chemistry-Molecules-Hydrogen-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chemistry-Molecules-Hydrogen-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chemistry-Molecules-Hydrogen-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chemistry-Molecules-Hydrogen-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chemistry-Molecules-Hydrogen-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chemistry-Molecules-Hydrogen-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-229398\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Chemistry Molecules Hydrogen Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Financial constraints and investment strategies<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Green hydrogen developments necessitate expanded solar and wind power facilities for the electrolytic hydrogen production process, involving substantial expenses. For instance, retrofitting an LNG terminal to handle ammonia demands an 11-20 percent higher investment than constructing a new one, while a hydrogen storage tank can cost 50 percent more than its LNG counterpart.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Substantial foreign investments are vital in Africa, where most local energy firms are financially constrained. The Africa Green Hydrogen Alliance, involving countries like Egypt and South Africa, needs an estimated $450-900 billion for hydrogen projects by 2050. Technological uncertainties have made investors wary, although recent initiatives like the United States government\u2019s new tax credits for clean hydrogen projects and the European Commission\u2019s proposed \u201chydrogen bank\u201d seek to foster investor confidence and promote hydrogen development.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Water scarcity concerns<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">In the EU, sunny regions like Spain and Italy are optimal for green hydrogen production, as is North Africa. The EU has expanded its hydrogen \u201cpartnership of equals\u201d to countries in Africa and South America. It seeks to diversify its future hydrogen imports to prevent new geopolitical dependencies, to respect the decarbonization interests of its partner countries and to avoid colonial mistakes \u2013 in contrast to China\u2019s \u201cneocolonial resource grab.\u201d However, the large-scale production of green hydrogen could aggravate existing water scarcity issues in Africa and the Middle East, potentially harming agricultural outputs, especially in landlocked areas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Coastal states are integrating desalination plants in their hydrogen projects, but these are costly and energy-intensive, possibly causing additional environmental issues in nearby waters. Currently, over 70 percent of planned green hydrogen projects are situated in water-stressed regions, including in the U.S. (33 projects of planned hydrogen hubs), the Middle East, and Africa, posing a critical challenge to sustainable hydrogen production.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/patent-innovative-production-energy-electricity\/\"><strong>The hydroelectric turbine for rivers which will revolutionize energy production<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"font-377884\">Scenarios<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Technological developments\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">In recent years, advancements in technology have made hydrogen production, storage and deployment more economical. Some forecasts propose that clean hydrogen might fulfill nearly a quarter of worldwide energy needs by 2050. By 2030, green hydrogen is expected to be on par cost-wise with blue hydrogen, with costs potentially plummeting by 60 percent from 2020 figures. The speculated installed electrolyzer capacity of 134-240 GW by 2030 will be pivotal in propelling extended supply chains post-2030.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Signs of this green revolution are already apparent. For instance, the first liquid hydrogen shipment was delivered from Australia to Japan in early 2022. Innovations in the aviation industry suggest that hydrogen-retrofitted aircraft might emerge by 2025-2026, utilizing engines powered directly by hydrogen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">In Australia, a novel electrolysis technique has been developed that could boost efficiency from 75 percent to a staggering 95 percent. This could make green hydrogen economically competitive with blue hydrogen earlier than the 2030 projections. Initial signs show that an electrolysis gigafactory may commence operations by 2025, indicating declining electrolysis capacity prices.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">China\u2019s strategy<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">While the EU, Japan, Australia, and the U.S. are ambitiously pushing for hydrogen, China\u2019s forecasts for hydrogen development appear more measured, diversifying its energy options. Beijing\u2019s future projections suggest 5 percent hydrogen by 2030, rising to 10 percent by 2050 of its overall energy consumption. By 2035, it anticipates having a comprehensive hydrogen energy industry. By 2030, China envisions nearly tripling its solar and wind power capacities to 3.3 terawatt hours, already accounting for 30 percent of the global installed solar capacity through strategic cost reductions and subsidies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Though China\u2019s hydrogen evolution is anticipated to grow incrementally by about 11-20 percent by the end of this decade, its pace might accelerate in the 2030s, potentially surging to 90 million tons by 2060 to align with its net-zero-emissions ambition. Unlike the EU, China\u2019s prospective approach embraces a pragmatic blend of hydrogen projects, leveraging its coal reserves with CCUS. With control over critical raw materials vital for electrolysis, like nickel and the platinum group metals, China\u2019s position could influence global dependencies, tying them closer to its economic and political objectives.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Regulatory hurdles<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">The global enthusiasm for hydrogen is palpable, but in these projections, governments and industries may lean toward a more tempered perspective. Many European hydrogen initiatives remain uncertain due to unclear regulations and varying standards throughout Europe. The lack of standardization worldwide might act as a roadblock for international hydrogen trade. The IEA advises governments to focus on standardized processes to prevent market fragmentation and expedite industrial decarbonization. Currently, a mere 4 percent of globally announced low-emission hydrogen projects have either been commissioned or received final investment nods, highlighting these impediments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\"><strong>Author: Frank Umbach<\/strong> &#8211; Professor, researcher, consultant, European government advisor and prolific author, with expertise in energy security and cybersecurity<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Source:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"CwgMDh7hE1\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gisreportsonline.com\/r\/green-hydrogen\/\">The future of global hydrogen<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;The future of global hydrogen&#8221; &#8212; GIS Reports\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gisreportsonline.com\/r\/green-hydrogen\/embed\/#?secret=QltvSvvSj1#?secret=CwgMDh7hE1\" data-secret=\"CwgMDh7hE1\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Green hydrogen projects, while promising, still grapple with technological and geopolitical uncertainties, as well as financial constraints and environmental concerns.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":229399,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1698,988,260,210,1999],"tags":[1326,815,263,943,962,264],"class_list":["post-230040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-geopolitics","category-highlights","category-magazine","category-technology","tag-energy-3","tag-environment","tag-future","tag-hydrogen","tag-innovation","tag-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230040"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":230042,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230040\/revisions\/230042"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/229399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}