{"id":229815,"date":"2023-10-21T12:59:59","date_gmt":"2023-10-21T12:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/ia-settore-bancario\/"},"modified":"2023-10-22T17:56:28","modified_gmt":"2023-10-22T17:56:28","slug":"ai-powered-banking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/ai-powered-banking\/","title":{"rendered":"Tectonic shifts in AI-powered banking"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"entry-title\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Tectonic shifts in AI-powered banking<\/span><\/h1>\n<h3><span class=\"font-377884\"><em>The banking industry is developing a range of AI-enabled tools to collect customer information. This is fine with regulators but brings us closer to a dystopian surveillance state.<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"toc-only\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"font-377884\" style=\"color: #ff0000;\">In a nutshell<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Banks are looking for ways to restore their long-lost profitability<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Artificial intelligence tools offer dazzling prospects for the industry<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Ever more intrusive customer data collection has alarming aspects\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_229799\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-229799\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spying-Image-by-Tumisu-from-Pixabay-1024x732.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-229799\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spying-Image-by-Tumisu-from-Pixabay-1024x732.jpg\" alt=\"Spying Image by Tumisu from Pixabay\" width=\"840\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spying-Image-by-Tumisu-from-Pixabay-1024x732.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spying-Image-by-Tumisu-from-Pixabay-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spying-Image-by-Tumisu-from-Pixabay-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spying-Image-by-Tumisu-from-Pixabay-1536x1098.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spying-Image-by-Tumisu-from-Pixabay-350x250.jpg 350w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spying-Image-by-Tumisu-from-Pixabay.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-229799\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Spying Image by Tumisu from Pixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Fifteen years of stringent regulatory requirements and gloomy macroeconomic conditions have taken a toll on bank profitability, especially in Europe. But lately, a new wave of optimism is spreading over the global banking sector.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">At first glance, bankers have at least\u00a0one good reason\u00a0to be cheerful again. Since July 2022, the European Central Bank lifted interest rates no less than 10 times. For its part, the American Federal Reserve Board proceeded to introduce 11 rate hikes over nearly the same period, offering banks a golden chance to boost earnings without any effort.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">But what if banks\u2019 newfound prosperity were due to something more than just a stroke of luck? After facing crisis upon crisis, have they finally found a way to turn threats into opportunities and weaknesses into strengths?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Indeed, there is a potential turning point.\u00a0Artificial intelligence\u00a0has what it takes to revolutionize the banking industry. But there is a catch: along the way, almost as a side effect, banks find themselves on the way to creating a surveillance system with unprecedented scope and intrusiveness.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-banks-are-splashing-on-ai-applications\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Banks are splashing on AI applications<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Since the end of 2022, there has been much hype around generative AI, which replicates humanlike content. For instance, ChatGPT, built on so-called large language-model technology, has become history\u2019s fastest-growing online product. It took its creator (OpenAI, now partnered with Microsoft) only two months to reach a hundred million users worldwide.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Every day, new AI applications appear on the internet, turning all kinds of human activities upside down. While the AI frenzy is bound to recede in the long run, some sectors more than others might come out of it durably changed. Banking is one of them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Leading bank groups currently invest a lot of money in AI technologies. They compete fiercely to recruit top specialists who are a scarce resource in a market that needs them badly. Large American banks like JP Morgan Chase and comparably smaller European banks such as the Spanish BBVA have built their in-house AI research centers, led by eminent computer scientists lured away from prestigious universities, start-ups or big technological companies.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"font-377884\"><em>Early adopters hope to benefit from the competitive advantage they will acquire in an AI-dominated financial landscape.<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">A first benchmark (provided by data intelligence start-up Evident) already shows where the world\u2019s leading banks stand in incorporating and advancing\u00a0AI and machine learning. Unsurprisingly, JP Morgan Chase ranks number one, with an average yearly budget of $12 billion spent on technology that is to climb to a vertiginous\u00a0$15.3 billion\u00a0in 2023.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Early adopters hope to benefit from the competitive advantage they will acquire in an AI-dominated financial landscape. Those who miss the train could quickly be deserted by their customers and driven out of business, many bankers fear. So, even the skeptics in the banking elite think they have no choice but to meet the AI challenge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/value-of-data\/\">The value of data<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-new-level-of-the-game\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">New level of the game<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">AI\/machine learning may be in its infancy, but it has already started changing how banks work.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">On the security side, AI-powered firewalls help banks to better protect their IT systems against increasingly sophisticated and dangerous cyberattacks. So far, the use of AI for cybersecurity is still relatively limited, but this is about to change as innovation progresses fast. According to a\u00a0CNBC report, the global market for AI-based cybersecurity products is estimated to reach $133.8 billion by 2030, up from $14.9 billion in 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Virtual assistance and conversational interfaces could soon become the norm in\u00a0\u00a0interactions with banks. Today, banks\u2019 inarticulate chatbots still frustrate many customers with their canned responses. But as algorithms are trained to provide more than just sterile copy-paste answers, banks hope for a cultural revolution in which clients learn to like dealing with bots.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Moreover, AI and machine learning will allow banks to personalize their services to a greater extent and, eventually, speed up credit decisions. Services can be tailored to the particular needs of each customer. More specifically, high-quality investment advice will be accessible to everyone. JP Morgan Chase recently filed a patent for a ChatGPT-inspired tool based on mining mountains of trading data to predict stock moves. It could guide consumers\/investors in their investment decisions. The application, to be launched in 2026-2027 under the name IndexGPT, could put many financial advisors out of business. Also, thanks to AI, the quality of automated translation is improving daily, which allows banks (and a plethora of other companies) to enlarge their customer base.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"font-377884\"><em>The industry has increasingly turned to firms with so-called \u2018regulatory technology\u2019 (Regtech), allowing banks to computerize their reporting duties.<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">More generally, AI will boost banks\u2019 productivity gains and, at the same time, reduce operational costs. Robotic process automation can already replace human employees for various operational tasks. AI-provided decision support systems will assist risk managers, wealth managers, HR managers and even top executives in their strategic choices. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/technologization-humanity\/\"><strong>Where will technologization leave humanity?<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-compliance-breakthrough\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Compliance breakthrough<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Above all, AI and machine learning can alleviate one of the biggest burdens banks have had to face since the post-2008 regulatory boom. Compliance with innumerable, constantly changing international and national regulations, policies, laws, directives, guidelines, recommendations, technical standards and the like has become a nightmare for banks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">The compliance checklist contains, among many others, anti-money-laundering and counterterrorism-financing measures, identity verification, fraud detection, risk management, stress testing, micro- and macro-prudential reporting plus compliance with temporarily applicable requirements, such as those that were in place during the Covid-19 pandemic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">This time-consuming activity costs banks a lot of money but does not generate profit. In Europe, the costs related to data collection and reporting have been weighing heavily on banks\u2019 bottom line. In recent years, the industry has increasingly turned to firms with so-called \u201cregulatory technology\u201d (Regtech), allowing banks to computerize their reporting duties. Undoubtedly, AI and machine learning will propel Regtech to the next level of compliance automation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Already, banks rely on fraud detection algorithms trained on their customers\u2019 historical data. On average, the data of a typical retail client can pop up tens of times a day on the control radar of banks using such AI models. The idea is to detect activities deviating from usual spending patterns, or anything that looks suspicious in some other way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Reportedly, error rates of these monitoring procedures based on self-improving machine learning are considerably lower than those under human oversight. Were these algorithms to be generalized, a host of compliance officers could be sent home, and fewer employees would be needed to filter or verify, with increasingly powerful computers, information provided by customers.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_229804\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-229804\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Data-records-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-1024x457.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-229804\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Data-records-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-1024x457.jpg\" alt=\"Data records Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay\" width=\"840\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Data-records-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-1024x457.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Data-records-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-300x134.jpg 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Data-records-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-768x342.jpg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Data-records-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-1536x685.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Data-records-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay-350x156.jpg 350w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Data-records-Image-by-Gerd-Altmann-from-Pixabay.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-229804\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Data records Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"h-know-your-client-better-than-they-know-themselves\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Know Your Client (better than they know themselves)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">It can be supposed that, for some time already, banks have been screening their clients\u2019 financial data, not only to detect fraudulent behavior of the few but to study the life patterns of the many. How do the clients live, where do they work and how much do they earn? And what do they buy, what taxes do they pay and what health expenses do they incur? Banks want to know where their customers travel, what they do for leisure, how many children they have and with whom they live or socialize. Everything matters. Banks are increasingly aware that any information, not just financial data, can be valuable to them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">The most innovative banks are currently\u00a0developing data collection methods\u00a0that go far beyond capturing directly available information. Reportedly, their AI research departments are testing \u201cweb crawlers\u201d that mine any public and private information to be found online about the banks\u2019 customers. The tools systematically comb through social media pages, blogs and personal websites\u00a0\u00a0\u2013\u00a0\u00a0wherever clients\u2019 names pop up. Comments or opinions expressed by them on platforms such as Twitter, Facebook or Reddit are of particular interest. Tweets are classified according to a variety of criteria. Posts are analyzed through the prism of natural language processing, text analysis algorithms and computational linguistics.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Interactions clients have with bank staff are under scrutiny as well. Email exchanges, chats with bots, recorded phone calls or transcripts of onsite meetings are valuable sources of information. For AI, not only the content of conversations matters. The tone of voice, vocal bursts, laughter or twitches can be documented by \u201csentiment analysis\u201d and considered when establishing clients\u2019 trust- and creditworthiness.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Obviously, \u201cemotion AI\u201d is more than opinion mining, and sentiment analysis goes beyond polarities like \u201cpositive,\u201d \u201cnegative\u201d or \u201cneutral.\u201d AI models grasp with ever greater accuracy people\u2019s emotional states (enjoyment, anger, surprise, disgust, sadness, fear, shame and deception\u2026). An ever deeper \u201cdeep learning\u201d is to be expected from these high-tech lie detectors that work with daily growing data sets. Scientists already test AI models that \u201cguess\u201d the missing data by connecting the dots.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"font-377884\"><em>That incentivizes banks to dig ever deeper into their account holders\u2019 lives, even if their clients\u2019 activities are fully legal. Banks need anything to put in their mandatory \u201cSuspicious Activity\u201d or \u201cSuspicious Transaction\u201d reports.<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">In constant symbiosis with everything around them, a vast arsenal of self-improving AI\/machine learning tools capable of processing and sensing all kinds of information about the physical and the virtual world will allow banks to profile their clients with scary precision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">At present, only a handful of the biggest players are experimenting with insidious surveillance systems that hide behind a \u201cconsumer experience enhancement\u201d smokescreen. But in the long run, this could well be the future of banking.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/artificial-intelligence-prediction-revolution\/\">Artificial Intelligence: Prediction revolution<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-incentivized-to-police-their-customers-more\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Incentivized to police their customers more\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Such privacy-invading practices clash with banks\u2019 duty of confidentiality. Bankers may justify them by arguing that spying on their customers is necessary to keep their institutions safe and, ultimately, to protect the crisis-stricken financial system. Moreover, \u201cKnow Your Client\u201d (KYC) is a regulatory requirement, they will say.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">They are right. Regulators force financial institutions to police their customers and signal to the supervising authorities any suspicion of money laundering, terrorist financing, tax evasion and other crimes or frauds. Supervising institutions watch banks closely to ensure they do their compliance job as required.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">The supervisors reprimand financial institutions that have not detected \u201cenough\u201d suspicious cases. That incentivizes banks to dig ever deeper into their account holders\u2019 lives, even if their clients\u2019 activities are fully legal. Simply put, banks need anything to put in their mandatory \u201cSuspicious Activity\u201d or \u201cSuspicious Transaction\u201d reports.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-from-a-burden-to-treasure-trove\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">From a burden to treasure trove<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Over the past decade, nonbank financial institutions such as fintechs or BigTechs have started to offer financial services outside the traditional banking system. Needing no banking license to do so, they could comfortably make money on bank-like activities and yet avoid the regulatory conundrum ordinary banks are struggling with.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Surprisingly, BigTech companies now seem eager to give up that considerable advantage. Some try to acquire banks. Others directly file for a banking license.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"font-377884\">Scenarios<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Why would BigTech firms want to become banks if this status has a downside? The answer is simple.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-banks-enter-the-data-economy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Banks enter the data economy<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">For years, Facebook, Google and others have been accused of massive \u201cdata theft.\u201d In Europe, laws have been designed to break the so-called \u201csurveillance capitalism\u201d business model based on extracting personal data from one\u2019s customer base and selling it to advertisers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">A bank license would allow BigTech companies to transform their increasingly denounced core activity into regulatory obligation. If these companies were registered as banks, they could conveniently go on violating clients\u2019 privacy simply by invoking Know Your Consumer requirements.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">In other words,\u00a0the genie is out of the bottle. While Big Tech is drawn to banking, banks are drawn into the data economy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">After complaining for years about unreasonable reporting requirements, banks have realized that the vast amounts of data they were forced to collect on behalf of supervisors can be pure gold. So is the know-how and expertise they acquired in doing so.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">The burning question is this: If Facebook and the like can sell their users\u2019 personal data, why should banks not do the same?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-a-formidable-business-opportunity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"font-377884\">A formidable business opportunity<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Thanks to AI and machine learning, banks are about to rethink and reshape their business models profoundly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Selling data could bring back the industry\u2019s long-lost profitability. But this would be a tremendous shift. Historically, the banking business has been about confidence or trust. However, since regulators have started misusing financial institutions to police their customers, the mutual trust between banks and clients has been profoundly strained. Soon, as the regulatory burden can be transformed into a formidable business opportunity for banks, the financial sector has the potential to turn into a lucrative global surveillance system.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Author: <strong>Elisabeth Kreck\u00e9<\/strong> &#8211; independent, Luxembourg-based economist, as well as a former policy advisor and university professor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Source<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"t8isyQSNBg\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gisreportsonline.com\/r\/ai\/\">Tectonic shifts in AI-powered banking<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Tectonic shifts in AI-powered banking&#8221; &#8212; GIS Reports\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gisreportsonline.com\/r\/ai\/embed\/#?secret=9SHp2FKFty#?secret=t8isyQSNBg\" data-secret=\"t8isyQSNBg\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The banking industry is developing a range of AI-enabled tools to collect customer information. This is fine with regulators but brings us closer to a dystopian surveillance state.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":229805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[256,985,988,260,210,1999],"tags":[2090,502,2196,263,2402,453],"class_list":["post-229815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy","category-finance","category-geopolitics","category-highlights","category-magazine","category-technology","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-bank","tag-data","tag-future","tag-privacy-en","tag-tech-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=229815"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":229817,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229815\/revisions\/229817"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/229805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=229815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=229815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=229815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}