{"id":160950,"date":"2022-08-22T14:15:55","date_gmt":"2022-08-22T14:15:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/la-norvegia-trasformera-la-crisi-energetica-in-opportunita\/"},"modified":"2022-08-22T14:26:13","modified_gmt":"2022-08-22T14:26:13","slug":"will-norway-turn-the-energy-crisis-into-opportunity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/will-norway-turn-the-energy-crisis-into-opportunity\/","title":{"rendered":"Will Norway turn the energy crisis into opportunity?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"entry-title\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Will Norway turn the energy crisis into opportunity?<\/span><\/h1>\n<h3><span class=\"font-377884\"><em>Norway has the potential to play a bigger role in Europe\u2019s gas market if the government can balance economic interests with its climate agenda.<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"font-377884\" style=\"color: #ff0000;\">In a nutshell<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Norway has the resources to send more gas to Europe<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Obstacles remain in both demand and supply<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">A new EU agreement gives backing to the oil and gas industry<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_160535\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-160535\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/la-norvegia-trasformera-la-crisi-energetica-in-opportunita\/credit-daniel-ashby-anders-haheim-copyright-equinor-johan-sverdrup-field-4512954\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-160535\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-160536\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Daniel-Ashby-Anders-Haheim-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-field-4512954-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Johan Sverdrup field Photo by Daniel Ashby &amp; Anders H\u00e5heim \u00a9 Equinor\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Daniel-Ashby-Anders-Haheim-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-field-4512954-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Daniel-Ashby-Anders-Haheim-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-field-4512954-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Daniel-Ashby-Anders-Haheim-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-field-4512954-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Daniel-Ashby-Anders-Haheim-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-field-4512954-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Daniel-Ashby-Anders-Haheim-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-field-4512954-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Daniel-Ashby-Anders-Haheim-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-field-4512954-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-160535\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Johan Sverdrup field Photo by Daniel Ashby &amp; Anders H\u00e5heim \u00a9 Equinor<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Despite the prevailing sentiment of energy scarcity in Europe, there is no actual shortage of gas resources, including at the European Union\u2019s doorstep. However, developing those resources and expanding the capital-intensive infrastructure to bring them to market will take time \u2013 and, more importantly, require producers to be confident that demand will be there for years to come.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">This is the argument Norway\u00a0\u2013 the EU\u2019s second-largest oil and gas supplier after Russia\u00a0\u2013 has made for years and recently reiterated. \u201cIf Europe commits to buying, Norway can replace more Russian gas,\u201d its Minister of Petroleum and Energy Terje Aasland said in May.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">One month later, on June 23, the EU and Norway announced they would be \u201cstrengthening energy cooperation.\u201d The statement\u2019s emphasis on the long term was striking, as was its support for future resource exploration. \u201cRecognizing that Norway has significant remaining oil and gas resources and can, through continued exploration, new discoveries and field developments, continue to be a large supplier to Europe also in the longer term beyond 2030,\u201d the joint statement read. \u201cThe EU supports Norway\u2019s continued exploration and investments to bring oil and gas to the European market.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Like any producer, Norway seeks to secure demand for its exports, which has made it one of the richest countries in the world and helped Europe reduce its dependence on Russian energy. The EU-Norway cooperation statement will buttress Norway\u2019s continued access to its most important market.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">On the supply side, local opposition to further exploitation of the country\u2019s hydrocarbon resources has also posed a challenge. But, to the dismay of climate activists, the EU cooperation agreement gives the Norwegian oil and gas industries backing to pursue investment and expand both production and exports.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_160547\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-160547\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/la-norvegia-trasformera-la-crisi-energetica-in-opportunita\/graph-photo-by-mediamodifier-on-pixabay\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-160547\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-160548\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/graph-Photo-by-Mediamodifier-on-Pixabay-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Energy Crisis Photo by Mediamodifier on Pixabay\" width=\"840\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/graph-Photo-by-Mediamodifier-on-Pixabay-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/graph-Photo-by-Mediamodifier-on-Pixabay-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/graph-Photo-by-Mediamodifier-on-Pixabay-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/graph-Photo-by-Mediamodifier-on-Pixabay-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/graph-Photo-by-Mediamodifier-on-Pixabay.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-160547\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Energy Crisis Photo by Mediamodifier on Pixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"h-model-supplier\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Model supplier<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Norway is a remarkable oil and gas producer, outperforming its peers on nearly all governance indicators, particularly energy-related. When compared to Russia, the two countries find themselves on opposite ends of the governance spectrum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Since oil and gas production began in the North Sea in 1971, Norway has been the most reliable external supplier for the world and Europe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Although its proven oil and gas reserves globally rank only 17 and 20, respectively, Norway is the world\u2019s 11th and ninth producer of oil and gas \u2013 slightly ahead of Mexico for oil and almost on par with Saudi Arabia for gas. Thanks to its small local market and a heavy reliance on hydropower, which meets more than 92 percent of domestic electricity needs, Norway can export nearly all the oil and gas it produces.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">As a result, the Nordic country is the world\u2019s seventh-largest oil exporter \u2013 after Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States \u2013 and is the fourth largest gas exporter, after Russia, the U.S. and Qatar. Norwegian energy exports are not exposed to the same risk facing exporters such as Algeria and Egypt, namely the rapid growth in domestic consumption that has limited their export potential.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Norway has been exemplary in managing its oil and gas revenues. Its Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG) is the world\u2019s largest sovereign wealth fund \u2013 even though it is several decades younger than funds such as those of the UAE or Kuwait, and despite the fact that Norway is a smaller oil producer than those countries. The Norwegian economy is also less exposed to the vagaries of oil and gas price volatility than many other producers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Norway is also a climate-conscious producer of hydrocarbons. In 1991, it became one of the first countries to introduce a carbon tax, at a rate now among the world\u2019s highest. Investment in renewable energy infrastructure is also one of the four key investment areas (alongside equities, bonds and real estate) for the GPFG.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/north-africa-natural-gas\/\">North Africa\u2019s natural gas: No panacea for the EU<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/what-if-russia-cuts-off-gas-to-europe\/\"><strong>What if Russia cuts off gas to Europe? Three scenarios<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"font-377884\">Exports to Europe<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Although not a member state, Norway has a close relationship with the EU through the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement and several other bilateral deals. The EU and Norway also enjoy active cooperation on foreign and security policy issues \u2013\u00a0part of a partnership based on \u201cshared fundamental values and underpinned by our common heritage and history, as well as strong cultural and geographical ties,\u201d as the EU puts it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">These factors help give Norway a clear advantage over other producers that the EU is turning to in order to reduce its dependence on Russian oil and gas. Given the geographic proximity, Europe is a strategic market for Norwegian oil and gas, accounting for around 71 percent of Norway\u2019s oil exports and nearly 100 percent of its gas exports in 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">The reach of Norwegian gas has been typically concentrated in Western Europe, transiting primarily via pipelines. Five gas pipelines connect the Nordic country to continental Europe, and two stretch to the United Kingdom, with a combined export capacity of more than 131 billion cubic meters (bcm) per year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">However, with the Baltic Pipe now under construction, which will send gas to Poland via Denmark, Norway has stepped onto the traditional \u201cterritory\u201d of Russia, whose gas exports to Europe are concentrated in Central and Southeast Europe. The project is expected to deliver 10 bcm of gas annually to Poland, meeting nearly half of the country\u2019s total consumption. The pipeline is set to be fully operational from October 2022, helping alleviate the blow caused by Russia cutting its gas supplies to Poland in April this year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Norway also exports liquefied natural gas (LNG) but is a minor player in this market segment, accounting for less than 1 percent of global LNG trade, with 95 percent of its LNG sales heading to Europe due to the short distance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">In total, Norway accounts for 25 percent of the EU\u2019s gas imports. Although it trails Russia, which dominates the market with a share of 39 percent, Norway dwarfs other suppliers. Algeria, the third-largest gas supplier to Europe, accounts for only 8 percent. In this respect, Norway has been Russia\u2019s main competitor in Europe and will not hesitate to grow its presence in the market. The question is whether it has the capacity to expand its footprint much more.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_160543\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-160543\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/la-norvegia-trasformera-la-crisi-energetica-in-opportunita\/credit-oyvind-gravas-elisabeth-sahl-copyright-equinor-johan-sverdrup-p2-float-on-to-pioneering-spirit-3-march-2022-4367884\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-160543\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-160544\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Oyvind-Gravas-Elisabeth-Sahl-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-P2-float-on-to-Pioneering-Spirit-3-March-2022-4367884-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Johan Sverdrup P2 float on to Pioneering Spirit 3 March 2022 Photo by \u00d8yvind Grav\u00e5s &amp; Elisabeth Sahl \u00a9 Equinor\" width=\"840\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Oyvind-Gravas-Elisabeth-Sahl-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-P2-float-on-to-Pioneering-Spirit-3-March-2022-4367884-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Oyvind-Gravas-Elisabeth-Sahl-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-P2-float-on-to-Pioneering-Spirit-3-March-2022-4367884-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Oyvind-Gravas-Elisabeth-Sahl-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-P2-float-on-to-Pioneering-Spirit-3-March-2022-4367884-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Oyvind-Gravas-Elisabeth-Sahl-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-P2-float-on-to-Pioneering-Spirit-3-March-2022-4367884-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Oyvind-Gravas-Elisabeth-Sahl-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-P2-float-on-to-Pioneering-Spirit-3-March-2022-4367884-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Credit-Oyvind-Gravas-Elisabeth-Sahl-Copyright-Equinor-Johan-Sverdrup-P2-float-on-to-Pioneering-Spirit-3-March-2022-4367884-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-160543\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Johan Sverdrup P2 float on to Pioneering Spirit 3 March 2022 Photo by \u00d8yvind Grav\u00e5s &amp; Elisabeth Sahl \u00a9 Equinor<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"font-377884\">Untapped resources<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Norway claims to have the resources to send more gas to Europe. It has been able to deliver additional volumes of gas to Europe at short notice after Russia invaded Ukraine and gradually cut its supplies. The Norwegians took temporary measures like delaying maintenance and increasing gas production permits in certain fields. But Norway is currently producing and exporting at near full capacity, and further increases in exports will need to be supported by more significant output growth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Norwegian authorities expect oil and gas production to continue to increase until 2024 and decline afterward. However, the longer-term decline can be reversed or decelerated should large discoveries be made \u2013 and the potential seems to be there. To date, only a third of the country\u2019s gas resources have been produced and sold, with two-thirds of expected natural gas resources yet to be exploited.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Still, not all those resources have been discovered or proven technically and commercially exploitable. And the remaining sizeable resources seem to be located in the least explored seas of the Norwegian shelf, namely the Norwegian and Barents Seas. The North Sea has been the powerhouse of Norway\u2019s oil and gas exploration and production for decades, and the government expects most discoveries in that area to be relatively small. In contrast, the northern part of the Barents Sea has the greatest likelihood of significant discoveries on the Norwegian shelf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Apart from technical challenges, including a lack of infrastructure, exploring the pristine Arctic waters has long been a critical issue\u00a0\u2013 aggravated in recent years by concerns over climate change. In 2021, for instance, climate activists sued the Norwegian government on the grounds that oil and gas licensing permits given in the Barents Sea threatened their right to a clean environment under the country\u2019s constitution. More recently, the environmental group Friends of the Earth Norway has argued that Europe\u2019s current energy situation does not justify more oil and gas exploration. At the same time, the opposition Socialist Left Party described an increase in such activity as an environmental mistake. Opening up those areas for further exploration will only attract more hostility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Norway certainly has the potential to play a more prominent role in the European gas market. However, how big that role will be depends on the government\u2019s ability to balance its economic and strategic interests and an ambitious climate change agenda. Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine seems to have tilted the scales in favor of the former. The EU\u2019s latest energy cooperation agreement gives strong backing to Norway\u2019s oil and gas industry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_160539\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-160539\" style=\"width: 252px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/la-norvegia-trasformera-la-crisi-energetica-in-opportunita\/norway-photo-by-gordon-johnson-on-pixabay\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-160539\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-160540 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/norway-Photo-by-Gordon-Johnson-on-Pixabay-252x300.png\" alt=\"Norway Photo by Gordon Johnson on Pixabay\" width=\"252\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/norway-Photo-by-Gordon-Johnson-on-Pixabay-252x300.png 252w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/norway-Photo-by-Gordon-Johnson-on-Pixabay-860x1024.png 860w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/norway-Photo-by-Gordon-Johnson-on-Pixabay-768x914.png 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/norway-Photo-by-Gordon-Johnson-on-Pixabay.png 1075w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 252px) 100vw, 252px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-160539\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"font-377884\">Norway Photo by Gordon Johnson on Pixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"font-377884\">Facts &amp; figures<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">At 67%, the Norwegian state is the main shareholder in Equinor, the largest gas producer on the Norwegian continental shelf and the second-largest gas supplier in Europe after Gazprom.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Norway ranks 52 and 60 in the world for oil and gas consumption, respectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">The GPFG is a long-term investor in around 9,000 companies in 70 countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Norway has two LNG export plants: Snohvit LNG, with an export capacity of 6.6 bcm per year, and Nordic LNG, with export capacity of 0.4 bcm year.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">In 2021, Norway exported around 115 bcm of gas to Europe, with Germany (43%) and the UK (29%) the biggest recipients, followed by France (15%) and Belgium (13%), according to the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">Gas sales from Norway are expected to rise by 8% in 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"font-377884\">There are 71 producing fields in the North Sea, compared to 21 in the Norwegian Sea and only two in the Barents Sea.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Author: <strong>Carole Nakhle<\/strong> Founder and CEO of Crystol Energy<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"font-377884\">Source:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"96O2zHIPXQ\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gisreportsonline.com\/r\/norway-energy-crisis\/\">Will Norway turn the energy crisis into opportunity?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Will Norway turn the energy crisis into opportunity?&#8221; &#8212; GIS Reports\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gisreportsonline.com\/r\/norway-energy-crisis\/embed\/#?secret=dN7Ns2eTcE#?secret=96O2zHIPXQ\" data-secret=\"96O2zHIPXQ\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Norway has the potential to play a bigger role in Europe\u2019s gas market if the government can balance economic interests with its climate agenda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":160536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[256,1698,271,988,260,210,305],"tags":[2186,795,1326,815,1300,1297,1301,1094,2053,2190],"class_list":["post-160950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy","category-environment","category-europe","category-geopolitics","category-highlights","category-magazine","category-politics","tag-crisis","tag-economy","tag-energy-3","tag-environment","tag-gas","tag-gis","tag-liquefied-natural-gas-lng","tag-norway","tag-oil","tag-resources"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=160950"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":160952,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160950\/revisions\/160952"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/160536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=160950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=160950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=160950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}