{"id":124523,"date":"2021-07-17T11:25:50","date_gmt":"2021-07-17T11:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/la-disumanita-dei-primi-rivoluzionari-germe-delle-catastrofi\/"},"modified":"2021-07-29T08:11:36","modified_gmt":"2021-07-29T08:11:36","slug":"the-inhumanity-of-the-first-revolutionaries-germ-of-catastrophes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/the-inhumanity-of-the-first-revolutionaries-germ-of-catastrophes\/","title":{"rendered":"The inhumanity of the first revolutionaries germ of catastrophes"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>The inhumanity of the first revolutionaries germ of catastrophes<\/h1>\n<h3><em>On the anniversary of the R\u00e9volution Fran\u00e7aise, it is time to ask serious historiographic questions about what it really represented<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Revolutions, you know, must necessarily be violent: they are not a gala dinner and their corollary of death and abuse is, so to speak, the obvious calling card.<br \/>\nAll of them, none excluded, have claimed their tribute of blood: whether it was the Cavaliers of 1649 or the Barins of 1917.<br \/>\nTherefore, it is not for the size of the massacre that, today, the French Revolution should be reread and recommented: certainly, it was a massacre, but the twentieth century has seen much worse massacres made in the name of a revolutionary principle.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a title=\"Il meraviglioso (quanto irrealizzato) sogno dell\u2019isonomia\" href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/the-wonderful-as-unrealized-dream-of-isonomy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The wonderful (as unrealized) dream of isonomy<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_124255\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-124255\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-124255 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"Il processo pubblico al cittadino Luigi Capeto alias Louis XVI di Francia\" width=\"840\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-124255\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The public trial of Louis Capet alias Louis XVI of France<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>The &#8220;modernity&#8221; of an idea: principles are worth more than people<\/h4>\n<p>The point is that it was the French Revolution that gave rise to the entirely modern idea that principles are worth more than people: that, in a certain sense, human beings are simply symbols, to be destroyed or exalted, depending on their political or social position.<br \/>\nIn short, in 1789 the inhumanity of the revolution was affirmed for the first time. Not cruelty or bloodthirstiness: those already existed. Just the inhumanity: the lack of feeling in applying the law of extermination.<br \/>\nBecause killing without hating is something that leaves you speechless: the theorization of terror, its bureaucratization, is something that goes beyond the simple crime.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a title=\"Una societ\u00e0 (conformistica) della vergogna pronta all\u2019oblio\" href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/a-conformist-society-of-shame-ready-for-oblivion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A (conformist) society of shame ready for oblivion<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_124259\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-124259\" style=\"width: 237px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-124259\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-rivioluzionario-francese-Maximilien-de-Robespierre-venne-soprannominato-LIncorruttibile-237x300.jpg\" alt=\"Il rivoluzionario francese Maximilien de Robespierre venne soprannominato &quot;L'Incorruttibile&quot;\" width=\"237\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-rivioluzionario-francese-Maximilien-de-Robespierre-venne-soprannominato-LIncorruttibile-237x300.jpg 237w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-rivioluzionario-francese-Maximilien-de-Robespierre-venne-soprannominato-LIncorruttibile-808x1024.jpg 808w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-rivioluzionario-francese-Maximilien-de-Robespierre-venne-soprannominato-LIncorruttibile-768x973.jpg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-rivioluzionario-francese-Maximilien-de-Robespierre-venne-soprannominato-LIncorruttibile.jpg 939w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 237px) 100vw, 237px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-124259\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">French revolutionary Maximilien de Robespierre was nicknamed &#8220;The Incorruptible.&#8221;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_124263\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-124263\" style=\"width: 233px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-124263\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-rivoluzionario-francese-Louis-Antoine-de-Saint-Just-venne-soprannominato-LArcangelo-della-Morte-233x300.jpg\" alt=\"Il rivoluzionario francese Louis Antoine de Saint-Just venne soprannominato &quot;L'Arcangelo della Morte&quot;\" width=\"233\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-rivoluzionario-francese-Louis-Antoine-de-Saint-Just-venne-soprannominato-LArcangelo-della-Morte-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-rivoluzionario-francese-Louis-Antoine-de-Saint-Just-venne-soprannominato-LArcangelo-della-Morte.jpg 404w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-124263\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Il rivoluzionario francese Louis Antoine de Saint-Just venne soprannominato &#8220;L&#8217;Arcangelo della Morte&#8221;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>From Robespierre or Saint-Just, the political necessity of the crime<\/h4>\n<p>So, we can say that Robespierre or Saint-Just have been the models on which have been shaped, in the following centuries, the great revolutionaries, but also the great criminals against humanity.<br \/>\nThe brigatists who shot saying they were killing a symbol and not a man: in the meantime, however, they were killing fathers, brothers, someone&#8217;s sons. And they justified themselves with this disconcerting lack of feelings: with this Jacobin idea of political necessity of the crime.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a title=\"Dalla Verantwortung asburgica all\u2019irresponsabilit\u00e0 ostentata\" href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/from-habsburg-verantwortung-to-ostentatious-irresponsibility\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From Habsburg Verantwortung to ostentatious irresponsibility<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_124279\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-124279\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-124279 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lomicidio-di-Jean-Paul-Marat-detto-lAmico-del-popolo--796x1024.jpg\" alt=\"L'omicidio del rivoluzionario francese Jean-Paul Marat, detto &quot;l'Amico del popolo&quot;\" width=\"840\" height=\"697\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-124279\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The murder of French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat, known as the &#8220;Friend of the People&#8221;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>Armenians, Kulaks, Jews and Cambodians in a single bloodbath<\/h4>\n<p>It was so for the Armenians as for the Kulaks, for the Jews as for the Cambodians: numbers in the balance sheet of the genocide. And, round and round, everything originated from the French Revolution: the great matrix of modern exterminations.<br \/>\nFor this reason, the years of the revolution and, above all, those of the Terror, should be studied from this point of view: that of the epistemology of massacre.<br \/>\nIt was then that those aberrant theories began to take shape that have found full application in the colossal massacres of modernity and that are undoubtedly daughters of the Jacobin experience.<br \/>\nOf course, the material executors of the massacres must be counted among the bestial creatures: the devil&#8217;s columns or the tricoteuses represent patent forms of degeneration of humanity.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a title=\"Anche un\u2019idea sbagliata di Stato pu\u00f2 generare gli olocausti\" href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/even-a-wrong-idea-of-state-can-generate-holocausts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Even a wrong idea of State can generate holocausts<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_124275\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-124275\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-124275 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lesecuzione-del-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-il-21-gennaio-1793-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"L'esecuzione del cittadino Luigi Capeto alias Louis XVI di Francia il 21 gennaio 1793\" width=\"840\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lesecuzione-del-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-il-21-gennaio-1793-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lesecuzione-del-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-il-21-gennaio-1793-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lesecuzione-del-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-il-21-gennaio-1793-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lesecuzione-del-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-il-21-gennaio-1793-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lesecuzione-del-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-il-21-gennaio-1793.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-124275\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The execution of citizen Louis Capet alias Louis XVI of France on January 21, 1793<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>The cold and rational cruelty in applying an unjust law<\/h4>\n<p>But the instigators, the ideologists, the children of progress who, convinced of being free, equal and fraternal, created the law of suspicion or sent hundreds of people to death every day, for the sole guilt of being part of the hated aristocratic class, those represent a different phenomenon: the cold cruelty in applying an unjust law is something very different from the animalistic reactions of the unleashed plebs.<br \/>\nJust that coldness, that aseptic cruelty, is the worst consequence of the French Revolution: a consequence that we can recognize in all modern genocides and classicides. Because it is the unmistakable stigma.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a title=\"L\u2019insostenibile ed eterna stupidit\u00e0 dell\u2019algoritmo censorio\" href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/the-unsustainable-and-eternal-stupidity-of-the-censorship-algorithm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The unsustainable and eternal stupidity of the censorship algorithm<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_124267\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-124267\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-124267 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lapparizione-del-Terzo-Stato-negli-anni-della-Rivoluzione-Francese-1024x847.jpg\" alt=\"L'apparizione del Terzo Stato negli anni della Rivoluzione Francese\" width=\"840\" height=\"695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lapparizione-del-Terzo-Stato-negli-anni-della-Rivoluzione-Francese-1024x847.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lapparizione-del-Terzo-Stato-negli-anni-della-Rivoluzione-Francese-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lapparizione-del-Terzo-Stato-negli-anni-della-Rivoluzione-Francese-768x635.jpg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lapparizione-del-Terzo-Stato-negli-anni-della-Rivoluzione-Francese-1536x1270.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lapparizione-del-Terzo-Stato-negli-anni-della-Rivoluzione-Francese-2048x1694.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Lapparizione-del-Terzo-Stato-negli-anni-della-Rivoluzione-Francese-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-124267\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The appearance of the Third State in the years of the French Revolution<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>From 1789 onwards the dangerous primacy of theory over reality<\/h4>\n<p>Ultimately, the French Revolution introduced to the planet the idea that theory can supplant reality: that, in the name of the former, we can erase the latter. Even if reality has the form of a human being.<br \/>\nTherefore, simplifying a bit, I would like to write that the &#8220;Absolute Evil&#8221;, which today&#8217;s democrats like to evoke so much, should not be sought in the ferocious totalitarianisms of the twentieth century, but much further upstream, in the crazy and disastrous years of revolutionary France.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a title=\"E se fosse il Calcio il pi\u00f9 attendibile marcatore sociale?\" href=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/what-if-soccer-is-the-most-reliable-social-marker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What if Soccer is the most reliable social marker?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_124255\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-124255\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-124255 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"Il processo pubblico al cittadino Luigi Capeto alias Louis XVI di Francia\" width=\"840\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Il-processo-pubblico-al-cittadino-Luigi-Capeto-alias-Louis-XVI.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-124255\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The public trial of Louis Capet alias Louis XVI of France<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On the anniversary of the R\u00e9volution Fran\u00e7aise, it is time to ask serious historiographic questions about what it really represented<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":124272,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[258,282,260,302,210,305],"tags":[539,742,405,399,1122,263,1121],"class_list":["post-124523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-france","category-highlights","category-history","category-magazine","category-politics","tag-culture-en","tag-culture-2","tag-europe","tag-european-history","tag-francia-en","tag-future","tag-rivoluzione-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=124523"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":124525,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124523\/revisions\/124525"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/124272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=124523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=124523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swissfederalism.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=124523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}